Group 2

Marta Nº 21
Marta Nº 11
Ana Nº 9
Claudia Nº 17




BIBLE

The Bible is the Holy book of Cristians. They belive that the bible is the word of God.the bible is divided in to two parts, the old testament and the new testament.
The Old Testament is the first part of the Bible. I can also be the Jewish Scripture. It was written before Jesus was born ,it tells the story of God people, who were the Jews. This part of the bible is special to the Jewish people.
The New Testament is the second part of the bible. It was written after Jesus was born. It tell us the story of Jesus and the start of Cristianity.This part of the Bible is especial to Cristian people.
But Cristians read both, Old Testament and New testament.The reason for that is that in the New Testament is the story of how God prepare the world and the people for when Jesus arrives.


When we open the Bible we see that inside it there is the Old Testament at the front and the New testament at the back.
The Bible is like a big book who has lots of little books inside, some are bigs and others are bigger. Each one have it one name, some are men’s names and others are women’s names. The Old Testament books where written by many different people over hundred years. The New Testament books were written by only a few people on a short time (around fifty years).

Inside the New Testament there are twenty seven books, here they are:

• Matthew
• Mark
• Luke
• John
This books talk about the gospels wich means good new. The apostoles Matthew, Mark and the Luke, John talk about the good things Jesus did. And how humans live for after go to heaven.
• Acts
In this book it’s written what the apostles do after the death of Jesus. What they did and what they show.
• Romans
• 1. Corinthians
• 2. Corinthians
• Galatians
• Ephesians
• Philippians
• Colossians
• 1. Thessalonians
• 2. Thessalonians
• 1. Timothy
• 2. Timothy
• Titus
• Philemon
• Hebrews
• James
All this were letters and they were written by San Pablo.
• 1. Peter
• 2. Peter
This were letters written by Peter
• 1. John
• 2. John
• 3. John
This were leters written by John
• Jude
• Revelations
All the leters talk about something that have appened.

BIBLE SKILLS

Finding some bible references is a skill that people can learn.
This skill will help us to find a sentence anywhere in the Bible straight away. The Bible is the sacred text of Christianity.
The Bible has two parts:
-The Old Testament: before the coming of Jesus - tells the story of the Jewish people
-The New Testament: After Jesus was born, it tells the story of Jesus and the early Christians.
Every book in the Bible has:
a name
chapters
verses

MARK
1 This is the Good News about Jesus Christ
the son of God. 2It began as the prophet
Isaiah had written “God said ‘I will send
my messenger aheadof you to clear the
way for you’.

3Someone is shouting in the
desert,’Get the road ready for the loard’,
make a straight for him to travel!”


MARK: The name of the book is at the top of the page.
1: chapter
1,2,3: verse


THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

One day in 1947 a young boy was out minding a herd of goats on a hillside near the Dead Sea. One of the goats wandered off among the rocks. The boy searchedfor i everywhere. He thought th animal might be en one of the caves to chase it out. When he heard a strange sound coming from inside the cave he got scared and ran off. Thenext day the boy and his cousin came back to investigate.
The boys discovered that the cave was full of pottery jars. Inside each jar there was an old scroll wrapped up in cloth. They found out later that the scrolls were almost 2000 years old. The jars containes handwritten copies of nearly every book of jewish scripture in the Old Testament.
Bible experts believe that the scrolls belonged to Jewish monks who lived in that area in 70CE. They stored their writtings in air-tight jars. When the Romans came the monks hid the jars in the caves to keep them safe.
The boys became famous because tey discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls.



ANCIENT JUDAISM

The history of the Jews is of about 2000 years from the time of Abraham to the time of Jesus. Over the years the country where the Jews lived as been called:
Promised land,Canaan,Palestine,Israel.
The Jewish people also have been known by different names:
God chosen people, Hebrews Israelites, Jews.
• God called Abraham to guide his people from the city of Ur to the land of Canaan. God makes a sacred agreement with him,so Abrahams decendants become the chosen of God.
• A big hungry started in Canaan and Abraham’s grandson Jacob moves all the family to egypt. First they are very good welcomed as guests, but later they started to treat them as slaves.
• When hundred of years pass, God choosed Moses to guide Jews out of slavery in Egypt. Whwn Moses and the Jews reach Mount Sinai God gived Moses the laws and the commandments. After, the Jews promise that they will obey God’s laws.
• They are guide into the land of Canaan and the life in there is hard, they need to struggle to survive.
• Judges and Prophets are sent to guide them in God’s way. Eventually the Jews made a kindom and David become king of Israel. He is a great warrior and tries hard to keep his people with faith in God. His son, Salomon, built a great temple in Jerusalem where everyone can go to talk with God.
• When Salomon died the kindom divided. The people became bad and stop keeping the pact. God sent prophets so tat they remind them to keep their promises
• A crisis occurs andJerusalem start being attacked. The temple destroyed and the people are deported to work as slaves in Babylon. The Jews realise too late their error, they have deliberately turned away from God.
• Now in exile and far away from home the Jewish people learn to depend on God once more. They begin praying together on the Sabbath, also tryed to follow the laws of God.
• When the Jews are free again they returned to Jerusalem and rebuilt the temple. They made a fresh art. The rabbis teach them to practice thei faith with more sincerity.
• The peace haven’t arrive to the land yet, the country is invaded by one foreign power after another. The Romans capture Jerusalem in 63 BCE.
• The Jews wanted a leader, a Messiah who will gide them to the freedom. Someone powerful like Dvid when he was kingwho will make their nation a great Jewish kindom again.

BY ANA Nº9


THE HOLY LAND

Palestine is the country where Jesus lived all his life. It is a small country beside the Mediterranean Sea. Today is called Israel. It is a land of many contrast, snow in the nort and desert in the south. The weather is hot in the day and cold in the night.
Palestine is divided into three provinces: Galilee, Samaria and Judaea.
It has two lakes the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea. The biggest city is Jerusalem. Some small cities are Nazareth, Cana, Capernaum and Bethsaida (in the nort) and Bethlehem, Meaux, Jericó and Bethany in the south.
When Jesus lived, the people travel on foot or on the back of a donkey.
In Jesus´time Palestine was part of Roman Empire (since 63 BCE). Palestine was a small country with a strategic position. The Roman Empire latest more than 500 years. They took control of all land around the Mediterranean Sea. When Jesús was born Palestine was ruled by the Romans. They put their own governors who had to make sure that the Jewish peopple of Palestine obeyed the Romans laws and paid the Romans taxes. In return the Jews were allowed to follow their customs and practice their religion. The Jews didn´t accept the Romans. They believed that Palestine was their land given to them by God. Jesus lived in Palestine when it was occupied by a foreign power.

The tax was collected by a few jewish peopple . They were hated and some of them were cheats and kept part of the money for themselves.
In Palestine the houses of ordinary people are very simple in design. They were built of mud and plaster. Each house had only a room with a door and a window. The outside walls was painted in white to reflect the heat of the sun. Outside there was a stairs that led up onto the roof. It was flat and it was used as extra space to eat meals , to seet and talk or to pray. On warm nights the family could sleep out on the roof and during the day it was a place where the washing was hung out to dry.
The house was divided into two parts: a raised platform for the family and a lower part for the animals (sheep, donkey , goats or chikens).
There was a little furniture.The family kept their special belongins in a chest.
They had an oil lamp that was place on a lamp stand. It was always lit, in the day and in the night. Oil for the lamp was stored in a pottery jar. Other jars held water and cooking oil. At night they slept on mats on the floor that in the morning were rolled up and stored in a corner.
The family take together the food in the evening. They were sat on a mat on the floor.Everyone took the food from a large dish.. They dipped the fingers into the dish to take out the food. No cuttlery was used. Fresh bread was eaten with the meal. The bread was broken and divided among everyone. The pieces of bread were dipped into the dish.The meals began and ended with a blessing. During the meal the father of the family told stories from Jewish scripture.
The boys went to school at the synagoge. The class sat around the rabi who teachedthem jewish scripture. The girls stayed at home tidy the house, baked the bread or went for water.
The market is the centre of the village where there were carpenters, potters, sandal makers,farmers, shephers and fishermen who sold their products.

BY MARTA Nº21


Introduction: i´m going to talk about the Temple and Synagogues and prophets and the Messiah.

Temple and synagogue

Introduction: The Key concept of this issue is the Ancient Judaism: the Temples and the synagogues.
In Jesus´ time, the jews had to different types of buildings/places of workship and they were The Great Temple in the city of jerusalem and the synagogues in every town and village.

The temple:
It was the most sacre building for the jewish people in the city of Jerusalem. In Jesus´ time it was the most beautiful building.
They were build out of coulored stone and covered out of gold.
They were very big.
The temples were at the heart of the jewish people´s lifes. The Jews believed that it was the dwelling place of God.
Jewish people tryed to visit the temple at least once a year during a Jewish festival.
The Jews changes theirs Roman money into Temple money in the Court of Gentiles.
The most sacred part of the temple was the Holy of the Holies.
No one except the high priest is allowed to enter the Holy of the Holies. He goes inside once a year to offer and sacrifice and pray for God´s forgiveness for his people.
The Temple in jerusalem was destroyed in 70CE. Only part of one of its walls still remains today.


Synagogue: In jesus´time there was a Synagogue in every town and village in Palestine. It was a meeting place for the Jewish community.
Every week, the Jews attended a service in the synagogue on the Sabbath. They went to pray and to listen to the scriptures.
They were smalls, it had a porchin front, inside, there were two doors. Womens, entered through one door and went upstairs to a gallery, Mens and older boys went in another door and remained downstairs in the main part of the building.
During the sabath service, there were prayers and hyms.
A rabbi, a teacher read, read from a scroll of Jewish scripture. Then, he gaves a talk about the readings that he had before made.
The scrolls were kept in a special part of the synagoguewich was called the Ark. A light, always burned near the Ark, it must be on because that means that God was with them.
In front of the Ark was a special canddle holder held seven candles, it was called the Menorah.


The Messiah

Introduction: the Messiah is the most important person in one religion and the prophet the person who is sended in the name of the Messiah to spress the Messiah´s message.

The Prophets:The prophet is someone who speaks on behalf of God. There were many in Old Testamen times.
The Jewish people believed that God speak to them through prophets.

The Messiah: The Prophets told the people that God promised to send a great lader.
The word Messiah means “anointed one”.
Long ago, all great leaders were anointed or blessed with oil.
To be anointed with oil means that person was sent by God to do good work.
Today, Christians believe that the Messiah is Jesus but, Jews believe that the Messiah has yet to come.

BY CLAUDIA Nº17



The New Testament

Introduction
In my work, I will talk about the New Testament.


-Evangelist: gospels, the 4 evangelists.
An evangelist is a person of great faith who firmly believe that Jesus is God.

-Gospel
The word Gospel means Good News. I will also talk about the three Gospel stages:
The Life stage, The oral stage and The Written stage.

-Documents of Faith
What is a document of Faith.

-Documents of History.
About historians, Christians and non-Christians and Josephus and Tacitus.

-The Synoptic Gospels
The word synoptic means ‘’ can be seen together side by side’’.
I will also talk about The ‘Q’ Document.



1) Evangelist
The gospels were written by Mark, Matthew, Luke and John. They are called the four evangelists. An evangelist is a person of great faith who firmly believed that Jesus is God.
The four evangelists were unable to keep the Good News to themselves. They felt they had to tell everyone what they believed, so they each wrote a gospel
to show that Jesus is God.
Their writings were for Christians communities in different parts of the Roman Empire. Their work would also be important for Christian communities in the future.
The evangelists show us different sides of Jesus:
- His suffering side .. in Mark
- His teaching side .. in Matthew
- His caring side.. in Luke
- His holy side.. in John

MARK
He was a good friend of Peter the disciple.
His gospel was written about 70CE. It was written especially for Christians in the city of Rome , they were suffering a lot at the hands of the Romans.
Mark wanted them to know that Jesus understood their suffering.'' Jesus is God, and he suffered too. He was crucified and died on the cross'' said Mark.

LUKE
He used to be a Gentile (a non-Jewish person). He trained as a doctor. When he heard about Jesus, he was impressed by the way he healed the people.
His Gospel was written around 85CE. It was written for new Christians in the city of Corinth.
He wanted to tell that Jesus is the saviour of all people: Jews and Gentiles, the rich and the poor.

MATTHEW
He was a rabbi and taught Jewish scripture in the synagogue.
His Gospel was written around 85CE. It was written for new Christians in the city of Antioch.
They were Jews until they learned that Jesus was the Messiah.

JOHN
He had a friend, also called John, who taught him a lot about Jesus.
John´ s Gospel was written around 95CE. It was written for Christians in the city of Epheus. They needed to understand Jesus´ words and actions a bit better.

2) Gospel
The word Gospel means ''good news''. The good news were written in the gospels. The gospels are the first four books in the New Testament in the Bible. The gospels are about certain key events in the life of Jesus
There are three Gospel stages:
1) The Life stage, in this stage, Jesus teaches and heals people in the last 3 years of His life.
He is crucified and dies on the cross.
Jesus is raised from the dead after three days, and appears to His disciples.
The events of this stage occurred over a period of about three years.

2) The Oral stage: In this stage, the apostles believed that Jesus is God.
They travel far and wide to TELL the Good News.
This stage lasted about 40 years.

3) The Written stage: In this stage: the apostles, the main witnesses of all Jesus said and
Did, were getting old.
Jesus´ story must be written down before it is too late.
The evangelists WRITE the story of Jesus in the four Gospels.
This stage lasted about thirty years.

3)Documents of Faith
A gospel is a document of faith.
Sometimes, it is compared to a history book about Jesus, but it isn’t.
In a history book, there are exact dates, names of people and places and events are presented in other in which their occurred; and in the gospels there are no dates, and the names of people and places are often left out and also, the events in Jesus´ life aren’t written down in the exact order in which they occurred. They are often grouped together by topic.
A gospel isn’t a biography of Jesus either.
The gospels on the other hand are mainly about the last 3 years of Jesus’ life.

CONCLUSION: Clearly, a gospel is not a piece of writing like a history book or a biography. A
Gospel is something quite different.


4)Documents of History

Most of what we know about Jesus comes from the New Testament in the Bible.
Other information comes from historical documents written by Josephus (a Jew).
Another document was written by a man called Tacitus (a Roman).
They both were Historians. Historians were non-Christian writers , they didn’t belong to the
Christian religion.

JOSEPHUS:
He was a Jew and a historian.
60 years after the death of God, he was asked to write about a historical document to explain the
religion of Judaism to the Romans.

TACITUS:
He was Roman and a historian.
Both historians said that Jesus lived in Palestine.
80 years after the death of Jesus, he was asked to write about a historical document about
important people and events in the Roman Empire.
He was sentenced to death by Pontius Pilate, governor of Palestine.

Their documents show that Jesus was a real person, that he did exist and that he lived in Palestine for the first century.

FINALLY WE CAN NOW THAT..
-The Christians sources of information are the gospels in the New Testament.
-The non-Christian sources of information are historical documents written for the Romans.
-Christian sources, or documents of faith, show that Jesus is God.
-Non-Christian sources, or documents of history, show that Jesus did exist.


5)The Synoptic Gospels
The word synoptic means ‘’ can be seen together side by side’’.
The synoptic gospels are similar because they tell the same story about Jesus and they order the events in the same way.
Mark’s Gospel is based on the apostles’ teaching about Jesus in the Oral Stage.
Matthew, to do his gospel, he borrowed 606 of Mark’s verses, while Luke used 320 verses from Mark.
John’s gospel is written in a different style. His writing is much harder to understand. Is it more complex.
John used different sources when he was writing his gospel. He didn’t used Mark. He did not use the ‘Q’.
THE ‘Q’ DOCUMENT
Is a collection of Jesus’ sayings that were written down at an earlier time.
Only Matthew and Luke used it.

BY MARTA Nº11

Bibliography:

We have looked information in our religion book and in the internet page of www.newadvent.com