2):Pablo G F
3):Luis D
4):Jesús
1)RELIGION
In this work we will talk about diferent religions, we are going to talk, primarily, about christianity and a little bit less about judaism. But, we are going also to talk about other religions. In this work we are going to explain, demostrate and show the diferent things that we are going to say now: First we are going to start with the bible. The divisions in the bible, it’s books, verses or chapters. After, about the new testament, evangelists and documents about faith and history. Later, we will explain the live of the diferent messiahs, how they become that and in wihch religions are adorated. Finally, we are going to explain about jews religion, “the Judaism”. The principal things are going to be are: The sinagoges, the live in the old Palestine, ancient Judaism and things like “The holy Land”.
1)The Bible:
-Divisions in the Bible.
The bible is the book with much importance in christian religion. The Bible comprises 24 books for Jews, 66 for Protestants, 73 for Catholics, and 78 for most Orthodox Christians. It has 66 books for catholic cristians, the books which we are going to explain are does because the biggest group of cristians are the catholic ones. And all the groups have the same principal parts and all are based, more or less, in the same conditions, sow the theme is, principally the same (It’s true that the different cristian groups have sections which have a lot of non similitaries between them, but they are primarily based in the same, as I had said) . It also has 1189 chapters and 31173 verses reparted in three parts. The new tetament, the old testament and the apocalipsis (or revelations). The books of the Bible were written by approximately 40 different men over a period of approximately 1500 years.
The new testament is the section of the bible that talks from a little bit before Jesus born until a little bit later Jesus dies. It has 7956 verses in 295 chapters writen by 6 diferent persons. It includes the books of:
Luke 1, Luke 2, Luke 3, Luke 4, Mark 1, Mark 2, Mark 3, Mark 4, Mark 5, Mark 6, Mark 7, Mark 8, Mark 9, Mark 10, Mark11, Mark 12, Mark 13, Mark 14, Mark 16, Matthew 5, Matthew 6, Philippians 21, Corinthians 11, Corinthians 13, Corinthians 15, John 1, John 2, John 3, John 4, John 5, John 15, John 20 and John 21.
1) The old testament is the section of the bible that talks about the religion of the same god that the new testament talks (in this times the people didn’t know nothing about christianity, but because the bible was written after Jesus dies, they talked about the religion of christianity depending of the person who wroted and how he, or she interpretates it.) before Jesus was born, but also about God’s people, that were the jews. The Old Testament is considered a holy book for both Jews and Christians. The old testament has 39 books. This books can be divided into four groups: First group, The Books of Moses, the Books of the Law (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy). Second group, The Historical Books, the History of God's People Israel (Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, 1 and 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther). Third group, The Poetical Books (Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon). And fourth group, The Prophets, which is divided in other two sections, “The Major Prophets”, the Longer Books (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel), and The Minor Prophets, the Shorter Books
(Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi).
2)The Messiah
The word Messiah means "anointed one". In the past, the best leaders were anointed, or blessed with oil. To be anointed with oil was a sign that a person was a sign thet a person was sent by God to do good work.
The Jews thought the Messiah would be a king, strong and powerfull, a great warrior who would lead them to freedom. The prophets urged the people to get ready for the coming of the Messiah.
For hundreds of years before the birth of Jesus, the Jews espected a Messiah to come to their aid. This is what the prophets said about the Messiah in the Old Testament.
In these days:
-Christians beleive that Jesus is the Messiah.
-Jews beleive that the Messiah has yet to come.
2)The temple
A Temple is a sacred building. The Temple in the city of Jerusalem was the most sacred building for the Jewish people. It was a very beautiful bulding. It was built of cream coloured stone and covered in gold.
The Temple was the heart of Jewish life. The Jews beleived it was the dwelling place of God.
They tried to visit the The Temple at least once a year, during a Jewish festival. They came with their families to pray and to offer sacrifice to God.
The Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans in 70CE. Part of one wall is all that remins today.
2)The Synagogues
In Jesus´time there was a synagogue in every town and village in Palestine. The synagogue was a meeting place for the Jewish comunity. Every week the Jews attended a service in the synagogue on the Sabbath. They went to pray and to listen the sciptures.
The synagogue was a plain two-story building. It was small, holding between fifty and one hundred people at a time. It had a porch in front. Inside there were two
doors. Women entered through one door and went upstairs to a gallery. Men and older boys went in anothe door and remainded downstairs in the main part of the building.
3)Document of faith
A document of faith is a gospel.
A gospel is not an history book or a bibliography, but people use to comparate or confuse them.
On an history book are narrated the facts of a chronological form with person names and places.
In the gospels didn't happen the same, furthermore the facts in Jesus' life, are grouped by topic: Jesus' parables, miracles, etc.
A gospel isn't a Jesus biography because it only relate the three last years of his life, tall very little about Jesus' childhood and about his builder life in the village of Nazareth.
Mark, Matthew, Luke and John are the gospel writters. They believed that Jesus is God, so they wrotte those books to spread their belief.
3)Documents of History
Most of what we know about Jesus, comes from the New Testament, but other information comes from historians, like Josephus and Tacitus. These documents were written at the time of the Roman Empire.
Josephus was a Jew. 60 years after the death of Jesus, the Romans asked him to explain the religiom of Judaism. He told about a teacher called Jesus. He was a wise man, he did wonderful works and he died on a cross because Pontius Pilate sentenced him. He related that his disciples said that he appeared three days after his crucifixion.
Tacitus was a Roman. 80 years after the death of Jesus, he was asked to writte about important people and events in the Roman Empire. He related about the Christians, who were a group of people that got their name from Jesus Christ. His founder was Jesus, who was sentenced by Pontius Pilate and he was executed.
These historians were non-Christian writers, they didn't believe that Jesus is a God, simply they narrate a historical event. They said Jesus lived in Palestine and show that Jesus was a real person.
3)Concluding:
We have two types of books about Jesus, gospels in the New Testament that show Jesus as God and the historical documents that show Jesus as a real person.
4)THE HOLY LAND:
The Origin of the Holy Land concept is found in the renaming of the Land of Cannan as the Land of Israel (e.g. Genesis 15:18-21). The promised land. Palestine is a small country beside the Mediterranean Sea.It is surrounded by three continents:Europe,Africa and Asia, it is a land of many contrast.There are snow mountains in the north, and a desert area in the south.There are low hills and fertile valleys.The weather in Palestine was hot during the day and cold at night. .Today, Palestine is called Israel.
Jesus lived all his life in Palestine, Jesus was born in Bethlehem and he grew up in Nazareth, he was baptised in the river Jordan and met his first disciples at the Sea of Galilee. Jesus taught people in Capernaum an his healed people in Jericho. He went all over the country with his disciples teaching people about the love of God. When Jesus teached he walked from place to place along narrow dusty roads. Jesus was put to death outside the city of Jerusalem.
4)LIFE IN THE OLD PALESTINE:
Jesus lived with Mary and Joseph in a village house in Nazareth. In Palestine the house of ordinary people were simple in design.The house was small.It had one window and one door.Inside there was only one room, was divided in two parts.The family lived on a raised platform at one end.The lower part of the room was used as a stable for animals.The outside walls were painted white to reflect the heat of the sun.The roof of the house was flat, it was used as extra space for the family.They ate their meals, sat and talked and said their prayers up there.The day was a place where washing.Every Jewish house had an oil lamp and was always lit.All family took food from a large dish.They dipped of fingers of their right hand.No cutlery was used.During the meal the father of the family told stories from Jewish scripture.
In Palestine the members of an ordinary family did a variety of jobs.The women
Work ed in the home and went to the market to do the shopping.The boys go off to school after they work with their father.The girls stay at home tidy the house.The market square was in the centre of the village.The farmers sold fruit and grain ,the shepherds sold wol and meat and the fishermen sold fish.The rabbi read the scripture in the synagogue. There were Roman soldiers around too. They kept law and order in the village.A soldier guarded beside the tax collector´s office(very important office).
4)ANCIENT JUDAISM:
The history of the Jews covers a period of almost 2.000 years from the time of Abraham to the time of Jesus.God called Abraham to lead his people from the city of Ur to the land of Canaan..A famine broke out in Canaan and Abraham´s grandson Jacob moves their family to Egypt and were treated as slaves.Then God choosed Moses to lead the Jews out of slavery in Egypt whwn they reahed Mount Sinai God gave Moses the laws and the ten commandments.
The Jews establish ed and Kingdom and David was their King.Whwn his son Solomon death the Kingdom was divided, Jerusalem was atatacked and the people were slaves in Babylon.In the exile they began to pray on the Sabbath.When the Jews were free they returned to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple of Solomon
There was still no peace in the land.The country was invaded and the Romans captured Jerusalem in 63 BCE. The Jews wanted to be free and they wanted a leader,a Messiah, to set them free.
STORIES FROM THE NEW TESTAMENT:
2) I CAN SEE!
- Give me alms! Give something of money to a poor blind beggar! –shouted Bartimeo.
He had the eyes sick and could not see. For him, everything was dark.Every day, he sat down close to the dusty and dirty way. He could not work and because of this he was asking for money.
One day, Jesus came to the city where Bartimeo was living. Bartimeo knew that Jesus was treating the people. Probably Jesus might treat him!He heard some voices. Strong and filled with enthusiasm voices. Bartimeo could hear the people who were near him.
- Help me, Jesus! Help me! – He shouted with all his forces. Jesus heard him and stopped.
-Say him to come here- Jesus asked.- Jesus wants to see you- they said to the blind person Bartimeo, immediately, he left the cap that was keeping him warm. He gave a jump and went running towards Jesus. He could not see, but the people helped him to find the way - what do you want me to do?- asked Jesus.- I want to see. Please, I want to see like before.You have had beleived in me- answered Jesus-. Because of it, you will see.Bartimeo opened the eyes. Now it was not dark. There was light!- I can see! - He shouted of happiness-. I want to go with you, Jesus.
Jesus said:- I am the light of the world, is never dark where I am, Come with me and walk in the light.
2)THE KINGDOM OF GOD
Jesus had all the good news of God. People came from everywhere, far and near to listen. They tell stories. That was fun.
The stories of Jesus helping people learn things about God made them think and ask questions. Jesus began his parable ...
-A farmer was to plant. Spread the seeds carried in his bag. Some fell into the path where the birds were eaten quickly. Some fell between the stones. Began to grow, but the stones stood in his way. Small plants dried up and died under the hot sun.
Others fell among thorns, which grew and drowned.
But there were seeds that fell in a good and fertile ground. Each of these seeds was transformed into a big and strong. And each plant produced more new seeds, thirty, sixty or a hundred times more than those who sowed the peasant.-
- What does this story? - Asked the apostles to Jesus
-It is about what happens when people hear the good news about the Kingdom of God, Jesus answered them. Some people do not listen. Therefore, his message disappears, as the seeds that the birds are eaten away.
-Other people are glad to hear it, but only at first. When they arrive problems, such as plants that are dried up and died under the hot sun. Some are so preoccupied with wealth that leave no free space for the seeds of good news to grow.
It's like the seed that was choked by the thorns.
But there are people who really listen and learn. They are like the plants that were more new seeds, thirty, or sixty or a hundred times more than the farmer sowed.
-We want to be like those-, thought the apostles of Jesus
3) The Resurrection
Afther the Sabbath*, at night, the women ground the spices and mixed them with oil to make ointment for the body of Jesus in the tomb. The women were Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Salome and Mary the mother of James. They arrived at the tomb on Sunday morning and they saw that the large stone wich sealed the tomb wasn't sealing it. They saw that the tomb was empty. Suddenly, an angel appeared and said : " Jesus is not here, he is risen from the dead. Do not be afraid".
When the women told to the disciples, they didn't believe them, but Peter ran to the tomb, and it was empty.
Some time later, when Mary Magdalene went back to the tomb, Jesus appeared, but she didn't recognise him until he spoke. Mary Magdalene was the first person Jesus spoke to after he has risen from the dead.He asked her to go and tell the Good News of the resurection to everyone she met.
* Sabbath day: is a holy day for Jews. In this day, they rest, pray and don't work because God doesn't want.
Jesus and Sabbath laws
Jesus had conflict with authority thanks to the Sabbath, we can read about them:
- Luke 6: 1-5 ( Jesus and the Pharisees)
- Luke 6: 6-11 ( Jesus and the Pharisees)
- Mark 11: 1-11 ( Jesus' arrival in Jerusalem)
- Mark 11: 15-19 ( Jesus in the Temple)
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